Sources — guidance & rules
This is a curated archive. We gather the court, tribunal, regulator, law-society and intergovernmental guidance on using AI that sits behind our answers — and for each one we keep a permanent, dated copy, not just a link. Ordinary web links are unreliable: they break, and even when they still work the page behind them may have changed, so you cannot be sure what a source said when it mattered. So every entry carries both its live link and a dated Perma.cc record — the legal-citation archive maintained by the Harvard Law School Library, relied on by courts and law reviews — which preserves exactly what we read, on the day we read it. Every source here is archived.
This is the archive itself — what each source is, and where to read it. For our view on how much weight these deserve, and where we read them differently, read our guidance.
New Zealand
New Zealand’s Strategy for Artificial Intelligence
GovernmentMinistry of Business, Innovation and Employment · July 2025
New Zealand’s first national AI strategy — an economic strategy aimed at adoption, not legal guidance.
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Use of Artificial Intelligence — policy template
GovernmentGovernment Chief Digital Officer · 28 April 2025
A model workplace AI policy public-service agencies can adapt.
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Responsible AI Guidance for the Public Service: GenAI
GovernmentGovernment Chief Digital Officer · 3 February 2025
The government’s framework for public-service GenAI adoption — risk-balanced, not a blanket ban.
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Guidelines for use of Generative AI in Courts and Tribunals — Lawyers
CourtCourts of New Zealand · 7 December 2023
How lawyers may use generative AI in proceedings: verify everything, and keep confidential or privileged material out of public chatbots.
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Guidelines for use of Generative AI in Courts and Tribunals — Non-lawyers
CourtCourts of New Zealand · 7 December 2023
The companion guidance for people without a lawyer — self-represented litigants, McKenzie friends and lay advocates.
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Generative AI guidance for lawyers
Law societyNew Zealand Law Society
The Law Society’s practitioner guidance — verify output, protect confidentiality, and put firm-level policy and training in place.
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Australia
Practice Note SC Gen 25 — The use of AI by Court users
CourtSupreme Court of Victoria · 14 May 2026
Court users must verify AI output and keep confidential or suppressed material out of public tools.
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Guidelines: The use of Artificial Intelligence by Judicial Officers
JudiciarySupreme Court of Victoria · 14 May 2026
The judicial companion to SC Gen 25 — generative AI must not be used for judicial decision-making.
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Practice Direction — Use of Artificial Intelligence
CourtFederal Circuit and Family Court of Australia · May 2026
The Court’s practice direction governing AI use by lawyers and litigants in its proceedings.
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Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Practice Note (GPN-AI)
CourtFederal Court of Australia · 16 April 2026
The Federal Court’s practice note on GenAI use by parties and litigants — accountability, disclosure, and limits on protected material.
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A Solicitor’s Guide to Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence
Professional bodyLaw Society of New South Wales · Updated January 2026
Practitioner guidance on accuracy, bias, confidentiality and disclosure, and risk-based AI policies.
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Guidelines concerning the use of Generative AI in litigation in South Australian Courts
CourtCourts Administration Authority of South Australia · Commenced 1 January 2026
Court-wide guidelines, with a companion sheet for self-represented litigants, on responsible versus improper AI use.
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Artificial Intelligence in Victoria’s Courts and Tribunals: Report
Law reformVictorian Law Reform Commission · November 2025
A law-reform review of how AI is, and should be, used across Victoria’s courts and tribunals.
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Guidelines for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Legal Practice
Professional bodyBar Association of Queensland · November 2025
Guidance for barristers on reasonable, verified AI use consistent with the Barristers’ Rules.
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Practice Note SC Gen 23 — Use of Generative AI
CourtSupreme Court of New South Wales · 28 January 2025
Permits GenAI for some tasks, bars it from generating evidence, and keeps protected material out.
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Statement on the use of artificial intelligence in Australian legal practice
RegulatorLaw Society of NSW, VLSB+C & Legal Practice Board of WA · 6 December 2024
The keystone cross-jurisdictional regulators’ statement of expectations — confidentiality, competence, honesty and fair billing.
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GenAI Concepts: technical, operational and regulatory terms and concepts
GlossaryOffice of the Victorian Information Commissioner (OVIC) & ADM+S · July 2024
A plain-language glossary of generative-AI terms and concepts, for readers across government and the law.
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AI Decision-Making and the Courts
ResearchAustralasian Institute of Judicial Administration · Revised December 2023 (first published 2022)
An early guide for judicial officers on AI and automated decision-making in the courts.
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Guidance Statement No. 37 — Artificial Intelligence in Legal Practice
Law societyQueensland Law Society
QLS’s ethical guidance for Queensland practitioners using AI.
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Canada
The Generative AI Playbook
Law societyLaw Society of Alberta · Updated February 2026
A comprehensive practitioner playbook on adopting generative AI safely and meeting professional obligations.
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Interim Principles and Guidelines on the Court’s Use of Artificial Intelligence
CourtFederal Court (Canada) · 29 September 2025
How the Federal Court itself will (and will not) use AI — it will not use AI for judicial decision-making. Distinct from its notice to the parties.
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AI Guide
Law societyNova Scotia Barristers’ Society · 15 July 2025
A practical due-diligence guide for lawyers assessing and adopting AI tools.
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Practice Direction on the Use of AI in Tribunal Proceedings
TribunalTribunals Ontario · April 2025
How parties may use AI before Ontario’s tribunals.
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L’intelligence artificielle générative — Guide pratique pour une utilisation responsable
Law societyBarreau du Québec · 25 October 2024
A practical ethical guide and toolkit for Québec lawyers — transparency, consent, confidentiality and billing.
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Notice to the Parties and the Profession — The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Court Proceedings
CourtFederal Court (Canada) · 7 May 2024
The Federal Court of Canada’s updated notice on AI use in proceedings, including a declaration requirement.
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Generative AI: Your Professional Obligations
Law societyLaw Society of Ontario · 10 April 2024
How Ontario lawyers’ existing duties apply when using generative AI.
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Generative AI: Your Quick-Start Checklist
Law societyLaw Society of Ontario · April 2024
A short checklist for lawyers beginning to use generative AI.
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Building a Generative AI Policy: A Checklist of Key Questions
Law societyLaw Society of Ontario · April 2024
Key questions for a firm building its generative-AI policy.
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8 Best-Practice Tips for Using Generative AI
Law societyLaw Society of Ontario · April 2024
Eight practical tips for safe AI use in practice.
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Generative Artificial Intelligence: Guidelines for Use in the Practice of Law
Law societyLaw Society of Manitoba · April 2024
Defines the key terms and ties generative-AI use to the duties of competence and confidentiality.
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Guidelines for the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Practice of Law
Law societyLaw Society of Saskatchewan · February 2024
Practitioner guidelines on competent, confidential use of generative AI.
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Guidance on Professional Responsibility and Generative AI
Law societyLaw Society of British Columbia · November 2023
BC guidance on professional responsibility when using generative AI.
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Notice to the Profession and Public — Ensuring the Integrity of Court Submissions When Using Large Language Models
CourtAlberta Courts (Court of Appeal, King’s Bench & Court of Justice) · 6 October 2023
A joint notice from Alberta’s three courts: rely on authoritative sources and verify AI output with meaningful human control.
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Practice Direction — Use of Artificial Intelligence in Court Submissions
CourtCourt of King’s Bench of Manitoba · 23 June 2023
One of the first AI practice directions in Canada: where AI is used to prepare filed materials, that use must be disclosed.
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Action Committee on Court Operations — Artificial Intelligence
Judicial bodyOffice of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs Canada
Guidance from the federal judiciary’s modernisation committee on AI in court operations.
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Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Legal Practitioner
Bar associationCanadian Bar Association
A multi-part practice tool on AI ethics — definitions, use in practice, choosing tools, and guidelines.
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Generative AI: What Lawyers Need to Know
Practice resourceFonds d’assurance responsabilité professionnelle du Barreau du Québec (LIF)
Québec lawyers’ professional-liability insurer on the risks of generative AI.
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United Kingdom
Guidance on the use of Artificial Intelligence and Other Technologies
RegulatorBar Standards Board (England & Wales) · 18 May 2026
The barristers’ regulator on AI and existing duties — notably wary of free, general-purpose tools for client work.
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Guidance on the Responsible Use of AI
Professional bodyLaw Society of Northern Ireland · 7 May 2026
Practical guidance for NI solicitors — verification, confidentiality and data protection.
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Use of AI in preparing court documents — Interim Report and Consultation
JudiciaryCivil Justice Council (England & Wales) · February 2026
The advisory body’s interim report consulting on whether the Civil Procedure Rules need AI provisions. Consultation stage — not in force.
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Compliance tips for solicitors regarding the use of AI and technology
RegulatorSolicitors Regulation Authority · Updated 9 February 2026
Practical compliance pointers — explainability, oversight, and client data and consent.
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Considerations when using ChatGPT and generative AI software based on large language models
Professional bodyThe Bar Council (England & Wales) · November 2025
Ethics guidance for barristers on LLM risks and the duty to verify output.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Guidance for Judicial Office Holders
JudiciaryCourts and Tribunals Judiciary (England & Wales) · 31 October 2025
Guidance for judges, tribunal members and their staff — hallucinations, bias, confidentiality, and a warning about hidden “white text”.
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Guide to Generative AI
Professional bodyLaw Society of Scotland · March 2025
Guidance for Scottish solicitors on safely adopting generative AI — output-checking, confidentiality and data protection.
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Risk Outlook report: The use of artificial intelligence in the legal market
RegulatorSolicitors Regulation Authority · 20 November 2023
A market-level risk analysis of AI in legal services — accuracy, bias, hallucinated cases and data protection.
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Generative AI – the essentials
Professional bodyThe Law Society of England and Wales
A primer for solicitors and firms on generative-AI opportunities, risks, and the duty to verify output.
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Technology and legal services
RegulatorSolicitors Regulation Authority
The SRA’s hub on technology, including AI, in legal services.
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Guidance on AI and data protection
RegulatorInformation Commissioner’s Office
UK GDPR guidance on AI and personal data — broad and developer-facing, rather than specific to using AI tools as an end user.
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United States
Guidance for Implementing AI in Courts
Court bodyNational Center for State Courts · March 2024
Best practice for US state courts adopting AI in their own operations.
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International & arbitration
Guidelines for the Use of AI Systems in Courts and Tribunals
IntergovernmentalUNESCO · 4 December 2025
The first global framework for how courts and judges may design, procure and use AI — fifteen principles.
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Guideline on the Use of AI in Arbitration (2025)
ArbitrationChartered Institute of Arbitrators · Updated September 2025
Guidance for arbitrators and parties on using AI without compromising fairness or the enforceability of the award.
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Guide to the Use of AI in Cases Administered under the SCC Rules
ArbitrationSCC Arbitration Institute, Stockholm · 16 October 2024
A short, non-binding guide for participants in SCC-administered arbitrations.
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Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449)
IntergovernmentalOECD · Adopted 22 May 2019, amended 3 May 2024
The OECD AI Principles — the first intergovernmental standard on AI.
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Guidelines on the Use of AI in Arbitration (1st Edition)
ArbitrationSilicon Valley Arbitration & Mediation Center · 30 April 2024
An early principle-based framework for AI in international arbitration.
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AI in Arbitration: Institutional Guidance and Emerging Developments
CommentarySociety for Computers & Law
A survey of institutional AI guidance across the arbitration world.
live sourcePerma.cc recordcaptured 31 May 2026